EUs og Danmarks Balkanpolitik må lægges om nu

Publiceret i danske “Aktuelt” i oktober 1999

EU’s og Danmarks USA-afhængige Balkanpolitik vil lede til nye katastrofer på Balkan. Det viser Helveg Petersens ulykkelige konflikt med den jugoslaviske opposition, mener fredsforskeren Jan Øberg.

På forsiden af Berlingske Tidende kunne man den 10. september læse at udenrigsministrene Helveg Petersen og Robin Cook stod bag en “storstilet politisk EU-plan” for samarbejde med oppositionen i Jugoslavien. Som modydelse for jævnlige konsultationer, eksperthjælp, støtte til demokratisering, økonomisk hjælp, mulig lettelse af sanktionerne og andre EU-bidrag skulle oppositionen dernede garantere, at når den kom til magten ville den lovgive for og respektere menneskerettigheder, en fri presse og demokratiske valg.

På det første møde i Luxembourg den 11. oktober kom ingen af de vigtigste oppositionelle. Begge udenrigsministre mener at alt som sædvanligt er Milosevic’ skyld og at han har truet dem til at blive væk. Dette uaget at det Demokratiske Partis leder Zoran Djindjic da han hørte dette i Beograd igår svarede at han personligt skulle ringe til Cook og orientere ham om at det var deres egen og ikke Milosevic’s beslutning.

En ledende oppositionel og fredskvinde i Beograd sendte mig dette samme aften:

“Ønsker Vesten at modarbejde en forenet opposition? Vi presses nu fra alle sider, hvordan skal vi kæmpe i fremtiden, når Vesten i den grad begår fejltrin? Vi har styrken og evnen, viljen og kundskaben til at skabe et seriøst, ægte demokratisk samfund. Alt hvad vi behøver er en chance! Vi behøver støtte fra mennesker, der ser os som ligeværdige og som respekterer at vi, bedre end de, véd hvad der er brug for i vort land. Dette EU-initiativ undervurderer os komplet.”

Dette er sagen i en nøddeskal. Og årsagerne til EU’s fiasko skal vi finde mellem 1991 og i dag.

I 1991 indførte Vesten sanktioner mod kun Jugoslavien og suspenderede landets medlemsskab af OSCE, FN m.m. Taberne blev de sagesløse indbyggere, inklusive gamle og børn. Krigene og USAs og EUs “konflikthåndtering” i Kroatien, Bosnien og senest i Kosovo har sendt 900.000 flygtninge til Serbien siden 1995. Og på toppen har NATO’s folkeretsstridige aggression krænket hvert eneste af landets godt 10 millioner, dræbt 2000 civile – hvis pårørende for øvrigt ikke har fået hverken undskyldning eller kompensation – og forvoldt skader for henved 500 milliarder kroner. Det gør derfor kun ondt værre når udenrigsministeren og andre NATO-politikere siger at “vi har ingen konflikt med Jugoslaviens folk.”

Det er amerikansk politik at: a) menneskene skal tvinges yderligere i knæ og – forventer man helt urealistiskt – gøre oprør; at b) destabilisere den iøvrigt lovligt valgte regering ved hjælp af bl.a. CIA-indsatser (Operation Matrix) og en kombineret udsending for såvel Kosovo som destabilisering af resten af Serbien, Robert S. Gelbard, at c) fastholde sanktioner og diplomatisk isolering og endelig at d) gøre Kosovo til en i praksis selvstændig republik (og vestlig militærbase).

Intet af dette kan ikke ske uden et større eller mindre politiskt-militært sammenbrud og deraf flydende økonomisk-humantær katastrofe i Jugoslavien, måske allerede denne vinter. Det véd man formodentlig godt i EU-kredse. Og det er EU, der i første række skal bære den økonomiske byrde efter NATOs og de lokale voldsudgydelser, ligesom det er til EU-lande og måske Ungarn og Bulgarien eventuelt nye flygtninge i ti- eller hundredtusindvis, denne gang fra Serbien, vil strømme. Dette er et værre mareridt for EU end forårets humanitære katastrofe.

EU-initiativet har mødt kraftig modstand i USA, især idéen om olieleverancer til ‘demokratisk ledede byer’ som Nis. Det forblir en gåde hvordan man i praksis ville sikre at denne olie kun skulle gå til oppositionelle lejligheder i centralt opvarmede boligkomplekser. Men den kunne naturligvis hentes i alt fra Colaflasker til tankvogne af private villaejere – altså de relativt bedst stillede, der netop er blevet dét fordi de opererer på dét gråsorte marked, Vestens sanktioner naturligt har udviklett. Nis’ borgmester var således fornuftig nok til at sige høfligt nej tak til EU’s invitation.

De indbudte gæster skulle desuden love at udlevere den krigsforbrydermistænkte Milosevic til Haag. Hvad Vesten selv ikke har “kunnet” gøre i årevis med mistænkte som Karadzic i Bosnien, skal civile oppositionelle tvinges til i Beograd! En rimelig tolkning er at dette absurde stykke er noget EU-landene har følt sig tvunget af Washington at stoppe ind i “kontrakten” uden at have forstået at lige netop dét ovenpå alle dens andre uspiselige ting skulle blive det sidste søm i initiativets ligkiste. Hvad der formentlig lige netop er hvad Washington ønskede. Konklusion: Helveg og Cook har skoret selvmål til både USA og Milosevic.

Hvis EU havde intellektuel kraft og ledere med civilcourage havde man istedet ophævet sanktionerne nu – som også foreslået af Jiri Dienstbier, FN Højkommisariat for Menneskerettigheder, men han citeres ikke ofte i vestlig presse. Dernæst have man respekteret grundprincippet om at kun det demokrati folk selv skaber er holdbart og endelig – stiltiende – givet pokker i den barnlige amerikanske idé om selektiv, politisk udpegning af krigsforbrydere. Dermed kunne en ny fase indledes, som Jugoslaviens folk ville have en vis tillid til.

Folk i Serbien er slet ikke så dumme. De kan faktisk godt se at den Helveg Petersen og den Cook, der som NATO-udenrigsministre hørte til de ivrigste bombefortalere og i denne rolle indirekte samarbejder med USA/CIA, er de samme som nu byder på samarbejde i rollen som EU-udenrigsministre. Tænk om EU kunne indrømme at man for år tilbage gjorde en fejlagtig diagnose og derfor har foretaget operationer, der medfører at patienten langsomt vil dø! Så kunne vi alle slippe for storstilede PR-initiativer, der skal skjule beslutningstagernes angst for fremtiden og bevidsthed om medansvar for tragediens historie.

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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