Mohamedkarikatyrerna (1): Förtryckfrihet

Engelsk version

Dansk version

Mohamedkarikatyrerna (1) Förtrycksfrihet

Mohamedkarikatyrerna (2): Det finns ju ett sammanhang !

Mohamedkarikatyrerna (3): Vi måste lära att se vår egen kulturblindhet

Jyllands-Postens teckningar är tendentiösa karikatyrer. De förknippar Profeten med terrorism, brottslighet och kvinnoförtryck. Ingen av bilderna skulle rimligen någonstans kunna fungera i dialog eller för ömsesidig förståelse eller för att åstadkomma den bildning som det finns stort behov av i förhållandet mellan danskar och muslimer. De är illvilliga.

Intensiteten i de negativa reaktionerna kan förvåna. Men om man ser karikatyrerna i ett samanhang av vår nutida globaliserade värld, är publiceringen av bilderna både tanklös och meningslös. Den avslöjar en fullständigt ofattbar brist på allmänbildning och god (journalistisk) uppfostran.

Den danska regeringen har tappat greppet

Värre är att den danska regeringen varken begrep affären eller behovet att på ett tidigt stadium begränsa skadan. Statsminister Fogh Rasmussen avvisade maningar till dialog och följde därmed ett mönster som etablerats också i Danmarks politik när det gäller Irak och invandrarfrågor: definitionsmässigt begår inte vi några misstag och vi behöva inte lära oss något av någon.

Om regeringen hade förstått världen och vår tid, kunde den ha betonat Jyllands-Postens rätt att publicera karikatyrerna men utnyttjat tillfället att starkt distansera sig från sådan kontraproduktiv kränkande verksamhet.

Statsministerns och utrikesministerns presskonferens på eftermiddagen den 7 februari bestod inte av mycket mer än en ny omgång självberöm utan minsta antydan av beklagande eller ursäkt eller försoning. Det faktum att statsministern betonade att han hade fullt stöd från George W. Bush – sagt i ett tal riktat till den muslimska världen – avslöjar att han har förstått beklagligt lite av den världen.

Varför detta är förtryckfrihet och inte tryckfrihet

Man måste välkomna att Jyllands-Postens chefredaktör har bett om ursäkt för det faktum att bilderna har provocerat och kränkt så många, han säger att det inte var meningen (30 januari 2006). Han hävdar att de publicerades som en del av "en pågående debatt om tryckfrihet, som vi sätter så stort värde på". Gott och väl – men hur fullständigt kulturellt blind kan man vara!

Tryckfrihetsargumentet är falskt. Att den fria pressen existerar är i bästa fall en kvalificerad sanning. Det sätt på vilket västvärldens huvudmedier behandlar vissa nutida frågor, som de egna regeringarnas deltagande i krig, är bara ett av åtskilliga exempel på självcensur och propaganda i maktens tjänst i stället för sanning och fri opinionsbildning. Tryckfriheten har också alltid inneburit friheten att negligera och marginalisera – exempelvis den större sanningen om hur och varför miljarder människor fortsätter att leva i fattigdom. Och den har betytt en systematisk inriktning på regeringspolitiken mer än på det civila samhället.

För det andra innebär tryckfriheten ansvar. Den är inte detsamma som en rätt att förödmjuka, kränka, demonisera, förolämpa eller förtala. Både personlig mognad och kultiverat beteende handlar också om att göra sunda bedömningar och veta vad man ska säga och inte säga när – och varför. Journalister kan ju fortfarande visa respekt, vara hövliga, visa empati och vara anständiga när de har att göra med medmänniskor – eller kan de kanske inte det?

För det tredje vet var och en som rest utanför sin egen kultur att yttrandefrihet tillsammans med andra så kallade universellt godtagna normer, måste tolkas i ett sammanhang. Det finns inte någon kultur eller något samhälle som vill låta sig påtvingas utlänningars tolkningar. En generaliserad västerlänning – den som undervisar världen, men aldrig lär sig av den – skulle med kraft avvisa att i sitt dagliga liv få sig påtvingade muslimska eller hinduiska tolkningar av dessa normer.

Självförhärligande och institutionaliserad rasism

Jag är dansk medborgare som varit bosatt i Sverige i 33 år. Under kortare perioder har jag arbetat i Somalia, på Balkan, i Japan, Burundi och på annat håll. Det som skett i Danmark under de senaste cirka tio åren kan jag inte riktigt överblicka vare sig som dansk och eller som forskare. Jag är rädd, jag skräms sannerligen, när jag funderar över följderna av vad jag skulle vilja kalla västvärldens självförhärligande civilisationsdominans och institutionaliserade rasism. Så genomträngande och så "naturlig" har den blivit sedan kalla krigets slut att varken danskar eller andra i västvärlden i allmänhet tycks se den. Med kriget mot terrorismen är vi redan på god väg in i ett nytt kallt krig. Utan andra goda anledningar än den mänskliga dårskap som härrör från en kombination av kulturell arrogans och frånvaro av självkritik och empaty.

Skulle du läsa dette just nu om du inte hade nytta av det? Få fler kvalitetsartiklar ifrån TFF i framtiden

Jag tror inte en sekund att Mohamed-karikatyrerna och eller tryckfdrihetsargumentet är något annat än det sista halmstrået i en rad av kulturellt blinda förödmjukanden av icke-västerlänningar. De bygger på århundraden av förödmjukanden och okänsligheter mot "de andra". Vi har blivit kulturellt blinda och projicerar våra egna mörka drag på andra.

Så befriad från empati har dansk politik blivit att den danske utrikesministern Stig Moeller gång på gång använder bara ett enda ord: Oacceptabelt! – men inte om sin egen regerings politik mot invandrare eller dess deltagande i folkmord och massmord på det irakiska folket utan – ja, naturligtvis – om reaktionerna runt om i den muslimska världen. Mer och mer under dessa timmar och dagar presenterar kommentatorerna Danmark som ett offer och de muslimska reaktionerna som överdrivna och iscensatta.

Få danskar och få danska massmedier verkar villiga att väcka de frågorna i deras bredare sammanhang och fråga sig huruvida Danmarks politik – Irak, invandrare, islamfientlighet – skulle kunna vara grundorsaken till allt detta.

De ser mitt land som en skurkstat och jag klandrar dem inte

Låt oss anta att danskarna och deras politiker fortfarande har lite god uppfostran och mänsklig mognad. I så fall skulle de erkänna att det nu är dags för blygsamhet, självreflektion, ursäkter och försoning. En civilisation som saknar allt detta är stadd i förfall och efterhand också farlig för sig själv och andra. Den blir en skurkcivilisation.

Dessa dagar fruktar jag att västvärldens kultur håller på att gå över till att sakna både empati, öppen debatt och mod att säga: Förlåt! Mitt hemland är nu en skurkstat i ögonen på miljoner medmänniskor. Fråga är inte huruvida detta är en rättvis bedömning av Danmark. Frågan gäller att den nuvarande danska politiken är ett huvudsakligt skäl till att dessa miljoner ser Danmark på det viset.

Det kan gott hända att vi nu bevittnar början av av glidning mot en exempellös katastrof.

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