PressInfo #170 – En vej til fred med Irak – Europas valg

Dette rimeligt omfattende forslag blev sendt til Feature-redaktør Robert Donahue på International Herald Tribune den 5. december 2002. Den 19. december accepterede han manuskriptet per e-mail. Derefter skete der intet. Den 6. februar 2003 fik vi at vide at han havde ladet en anden redaktør læse artiklen. Denne “syntes ikke om den og mente at mange af dens punkter var urealistiske – og jeg respekterer min kollega,” som han sagde per telefon. Så, altså, International Herald Tribune havde ændret holdning og han håbede at vi hermed accepterede hans forklaring og undskyldning. Den 17. februar vedtog Det europæiske Råd en erklæring, der bevæger sig i retning af en formulering af en fælles udenrigspolitik i relation til Irak-krisen.

International Herald Tribune foretog altså en rent politisk motiveret 180 graders vending og spildte dermed nøjagtig to måneder af dette forslags levetid i den offentlige debat. Feature-rdaktøren nyder øjensynligt ikke autonomi på sin side. Vi er stolte over at præsentere det oprindelige manus med samtlige de urealistiske punkter intakt:

Desværre fritager FNs Sikkerhedsråds resolution 1441 ikke bekymrede borgere fra at tænke på alternativer til den planlagte krig mod og besættelse af Irak. Selv i det usandsynlige tilfælde at det lykkes Irak at efterkomme resolutionen til USAs tilfredshed, så lover resolutionen ikke Irak at hæve eller bare suspendere sanktionerne – som de tidligere resolutioner gjorde.

Så længe krigen er “den eneste plan i byen” er der en stor fare for, at krigen vil blive set som en løsning. Efter vore erfaringer med det irakiske folk, FN og konfliktløsning i forskellige dele af verden protesterer vi mod at se krigen som den eneste mulighed. En forebyggende krig vil være en klar overtrædelse af FNs charter og international ret, både dets ånd og bogstav, og af menneskehedens intellektuelle og moralske forpligtelser. Kort sagt et juridisk og moralsk nederlag for dem, der starter den.

Den virkelige intellektuelle, politiske og moralske udfordring er denne: Hvad kan der gøres for at bevæge os mod en ægte løsning af denne åbenbare konflikt andet end krig og besættelse ? Eller mere filosofisk, hvordan lærer vi at strides som civiliserede menneskelige væsener snarere end som bøller?

Hvad der følger er forslag, som vi ser som relevante for en europæisk debat. Vi kommer med dem i protest mod massedrab på og yderligere lidelser for det irakiske folk, soldater fra Irak, USA og andre nationaliteter og borgere i nabolandene*.

1. Der må skaffes sikkerhed for, at FNs våbeninspektører kan gøre deres arbejde uden ydre eller indre indblanding. Skulle der ske indblanding, må det rapporteres til Sikkerhedsrådet. FN- våbeninspektører, der spionerer for regeringer skal straks afskedes.

2. Den fri presse og folkelige bevægelser må øge sin indsats væsentligt med analyser og rapportering som udfordrer krigspropagandaen og disinformationen om forholdene i Irak. I næsten alle nationer er der nu en klar majoritet mod en krig. Demokratier har brug for ærlig information og åben debat, ikke disinformation og psykologisk krigsførelse mod deres egne borgere.

3. Hvis vestlige regeringer nægter at lytte til irakiske argumenter, må de i det mindste lytte til Den arabiske Liga, som er klart imod krig som middel til at løse konflikten.

4. Der er stærke argumenter for dialog, udforskende samtaler og senere mere strukturerede forhandlinger mellem USA eller andre vestlige lande og Irak. De Forenede Nationers generalsekretær, der har modtaget Nobels Fredspris, må tage et sådant skridt nu. Han kan gøre det i henhold til artikel 99 i FNs charter og han forpligtes af artikel 100 til ikke at søge instruktioner fra nogen regering. FN må mindes om sin vigtige fredsmission for at “redde kommende generationer fra krigens svøbe” og aldrig tjene til at legitimere en krig, før alt andet er afprøvet. En konsekvent, visionær mæglings- og forhandlingsproces er endnu ikke forsøgt af nogen regering eller organisation.

5. EU hævder at have en fælles udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitik og en ny konfliktstyringsenhed. Men det synes ikke at virke i tilfældet Irak. Premierminister Blair støtter krigen, præsident Chirac afviser “automatikken” i FNs sikkerhedsråd, mens kansler Schröder siger nej til den militære vej. Sverige godkender krigen, hvis den baseres på et FN mandat. Danmark som i øjeblikket sidder i EUs formandsstol vil aktivt deltage i krigen, hvis der bliver et FN mandat. Hverken Danmark eller Sverige har en ambassade i Baghdad.

Kort sagt har EU som fælles organ overhovedet ingen politik! Men det kunne den have! To høringer om Irak i 2001-2002 har ikke frembragt en europæisk Irakpolitik, der kunne gøre en forskel i den internationale debat. Dette er bekymrende, specielt fordi europæisk politisk og økonomisk stabilitet og anti-terrorisme-koalitionens fremtid står på spil. EU opfattes internationalt i stigende grad som en følgesvend i stedet for en leder i diskussionen om globale problemer. Skuffelsen over den Europæiske Unions følgagtighed er stigende især i Mellemøsten.

Der er et antal skridt, som EU og de enkelte regeringer kunne tage for at vise, at der er politisk vilje og beslutsomhed til at gøre en forskel i behandlingen af så vigtige spørgsmål som fred og sikkerhed. EU kan simpelthen ikke sidde og vente og se USA gå enegang, som det skete i Balkan og Afghanistan. Dens kreative “niche” er ægte politisk, fred ved fredelige midler, som det står skrevet i FNs charter; ikke at kopiere USAs militære magt. Den vil ikke være i stand til at hamle op med USA i den henseende og skal heller ikke. Her følger hvad EU – og andre bekymrede regeringer – kunne og skulle gøre hurtigt.

6. Opmuntre medier og parlamentariske delegationer til at besøge Baghdad og se og lytte og føre dialog med irakere på alle niveauer. Irak er ikke én mand, det er også 23 millioner medborgere. De har synspunkter, håb og frygt ganske som alle os andre.

7. Tage skridt til genetablering af ambassader. Det er en skandale at mange regeringer ikke har en repræsentation og således ikke kan indsamle førstehåndskendsgerninger og indtryk og gøre deres egne uafhængige analyser, som deres politik kan bygge på.

8. Opmuntre handel og investering i Irak, først indenfor sanktionsssystemet og siden udenfor dette, hvis USA og andre skulle opretholde sanktionssystemet ud i det absurde.

9. Danne en kontaktgruppe, måske sammen med Kina og Rusland og andre, som vil forebygge krig og finde fredelige løsninger. Bortset fra at mildne konflikten og etablere en start på en tillid mellem verden og Irak skulde gruppen planlægge en omfattende regional konference, noget lignende OSCE- processen for Europa, som havde så fremragende resultater fra sin start for 30 år siden.

10. Arbejde for en retfærdig fred i Mellemøsten i almindelighed og i den israelsk-palæstinensiske konflikt. Irakspørgsmålet er ikke uden forbindelse hermed. Acceptere at de amerikanske initiativer har slået fejl og at vi har brug for andre helt uafhængige mæglere i den proces.

11. Udvikle et nyt sikkerhedssystem for hele regionen og i sidste ende opfylde FNs Sikkerhedsråds- resolution 687, som forlanger at Mellemøsten skal blive en zone fri for masseødelæggelsesvåben. På det mere overordnede plan er det på tide at forstå, at truslen fra masseødelæggelsesvåben kun vil øges så længe de, der har kernevåben, ignorerer deres forpligtelse til fuldstændigt at afruste deres kernevåbenarsenaler i overensstemmelse med Ikkespredningsaftalen af 1968. Fuld overholdelse heraf, adgang til og kontrol med alle kernevåbenlagre overalt vil være den logiske forudsætning for at forhindre nye stater i at erhverve masseødelæggelsesvåben.

12. Udvikle et nyt sikkerhedssystem, som skulle indeholde de økonomiske, miljømæssige og andre aspekter af sikkerhed og forbyde ny militær handel og etablering af baser i denne allerede groteskt overmilitariserede region.

13. Informere USA om alle sådanne initiativer når de søsættes, men udvikle dem uafhængigt. EU skal ikke lade sig afskrække hvis USA har indvendinger imod et eller flere af disse skridt.

14. Hvad med Saddam Hussein og regimeskiftet ? Det er ikke en del af vort program. Det er op til det irakiske folk at bestemme. Men hvis de vil afsætte præsidenten, gør den nutidige historie en ting fuldstændig klart, sådanne forandringer lykkes kun gennem en ikke-voldelig kamp, civil ulydighed og alternativ regering, som bygger på integritet og deltagelse, kort sagt demokrati med demokratiske midler. Vold vil kun erstatte én autoritær elite med en anden.

Fred er mulig. Fred kan læres. Fred er den eneste kamp, som er værd at kæmpe, som Albert Camus en gang har sagt. Og vi må finde fred med vore globale medborgere. Vi appellerer til USAs regering om at være med verden og ikke imod den. Og til den danske regering om ikke at støtte nogen krig mod Irak og dets folk.

Jan Øberg, Direktør for Den Transnationale Stiftelse for Freds og Fremtidsforskning, TFF i Lund.

Oversættelse fra engelsk ved Orla Jordal

* Et USA ledet angreb på Irak vil dræbe mellem 48000 og 260000 civile og kæmpende bare i konfliktens 3 første måneder i henhold til en vurdering fra eksperter i medicin og sundhedsspørgsmål. Efterkrigs sundhedsvirkninger vil kræve yderligere 200000 liv (Rapporten**: Utilsigtet skade: Sundheds- og miljøomkostninger ved en krig i Irak”, udgivet af Internationale læger for forebyggelse af kernevåbenkrig, som modtog Nobels Fredspris i 1985; produceret af Medact, organisationens engelske gren). Rapporten tilføjer, at hvis konflikten spredes til Israel – Palæstina og hvis der bruges masseødelæggelsesvåben kan man komme op på 3,9 millioner døde. Intet politisk, økonomisk eller psykologisk motiv kan nogensinde retfærdiggøre det !

** “Collateral Damage: The Health and Environmental Costs of War in Iraq” International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War.

© TFF 2003

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