Vad är fred? En personlig och uppfordrande betraktelse

Fred är det när det inte är krig. Klart som korvspad?

När det är fred, sa min pappa till mig, då ska vi köpa det där pianot som du längtar efter. Jag var åtta år och slutet på det andra världskriget var nära. När det är fred, då köper jag jordbruksmaskiner för sparpengarna, och startar en affär. När det är fred, behöver bönderna sådana maskiner. Bara det blir fred, så…

Men innan dess hann fler bomber falla på vår by och min pappa blev skjuten, om med tysk eller rysk kula är ovisst. Och min storebror återvände inte från Ryssland.

Men så blev det ju fred i alla fall. Fast det var inte alls ett sådant jubel jag senare såg på film från Kungsgatan i Stockholm.

Den fred som kom då i maj 1945 till vår by i Österrike smög sig på lite peu à peu liksom. För mig var det ingen större skillnad egentligen, annat än att pappa var död, sparpengarna inte pappret värda de var tryckta på, vårt hus utan fönster, ingen elektrisk ström på ett år, lik som flöt på floden, så vi blev förbjudna att bada hela den sommaren. Och mycket lite mat.

Befriarna, ryssarna, som av befolkningen dock envist kallades för ockupationsmakt, skulle vi inkvartera. Vi hade skrämts med att de åt barn levande och länge fanns en stor rädsla hos mig och alla andra. Det visade sig snart att de var mycket snälla mot oss barn, och förmodligen överlevde vi hyggligt tack vare att de delade med sig av sina små matransoner. Att mamma fick vara “till lags” av och till anade jag, men slog bort som något som inte jag hade med att göra.

En lång inledning på ovanstående frågeställning: Vad är fred?

En åttaåring i Irak, i Afghanistan, i Tjetjenien och på många andra ställen där krig övergått i fred idag skulle nog kunna svara ungefär som jag för 60 år sedan. Det är det sorgliga och utmanande och ovärdiga.

Jag lärde mig många läxor med kroppen som barn.

Till exempel lärde jag mig att hunger känns som krig i magen. Med hungrande barn i Indien, i Bangladesh, i Afrika som jag senare i livet kom i kontakt med kände jag genast en stor gemenskap. Och vreden tog tag i mig. Detta är krig, tänkte jag. Fastän inga bomber faller. Låt gå att det verkligen fanns lite mat när jag var barn, men i Bangladesh år 1974 användes maten som vapen.

Ryssarna hade jag lärt mig frukta, tills jag träffade några. Varför skulle Österrike föra krig mot dom, undrade jag? Men när vi gick fredsmarschen till Minsk år 1982 och skrev positivt till våra tidningar om det, kallades vi hjärntvättade. Lurade av kommunisterna. De kan aldrig ha träffat någon ryss, tänkte jag. Kalla kriget kastade sin skugga.

Sverige på 50-talet upplevde jag med sina lugna gröna förorter, den sävliga vänligheten och en viss självgodhet: Var glad att du sluppit ut nu, flicka lilla.

Många analyser läste jag, många teorier tog jag till mig. Men alltid gnagde de outtalade frågorna: Jaha, och vad har du tänkt göra åt det?

Med mina barnerfarenheter i bagaget byggde jag sakta men säkert upp en grundmurad övertygelse om fredens beskaffenhet:

Freden finns i ett samhälle som strävar efter frihet från hunger, frihet från våld, frihet från hat och misstänksamhet mot “de andra”. Var finns detta idealsamhälle? Och vems är ansvaret att det byggs?

Mina svårigheter började med att jag ville förena det stora med det lilla. Det globala med det lokala. Otillräckligheten slog sina klor i mig.

Jag gick med i fredsrörelsen. Där vågade jag inte skratta, eftersom vi behandlade så allvarliga frågor. Jag gick med i kvinnorörelsen. Där blev jag så ledsen å alla förfördelade och våldtagna kvinnors vägnar så jag blev helt tillintetgjord. Jag gick med i miljörörelsen. Där skrämde Rachel Carsons bok Tyst Vår livet ur mig. Och alla domedagsprofetior slog mig till marken.

När kom vändningen? Den kom väl också peu à peu, som freden en gång i min barndom. Och med min älskade Ola. Då var vi helt plötsligt två som av hjärtans lust kunde skälla och gorma åt alla fähundar i världen. Vi överträffade varandra med att hitta träffande beskyllningar. Men mera än detta arbetade vi på alternativen. I stället för. Man blir så påhittig när man älskar. Man vill göra det så gott för sin älskade. Man är så villig att utöka sin välvilja till många fler, ja till hela världen.

Medvetet målar jag nu i rosenrött. Med den allvarliga undertonen: Det behövs mera kärleksfullhet. Samhällen där kärleken frodas, där den får en möjlighet, där den gödslas och vattnas och vårdas och omhuldas. Vems är ansvaret att ett sådant samhälle uppstår?

Min tredje och allvarligaste och viktigaste erfarenhet: Det kommer an på oss, på dig och på mig. Vi är kuggarna i livets hjul, vi är dess nav, vi är huvudpersonerna i våra och andras liv, vi är viktiga, vi är nödvändiga. Vi med vår brinnande önskan att livet måste bli bra för alla.

Gandhi myntade det underbara uttrycket: Fred är vägen. Och Bertha von Suttner (Nobels fredspris år 1905) uttryckte det så: Den (freden) är inte målet, utan det normala tillståndet av den mänskliga civilisationen. Och Johan Galtung talar om verktygen: Fred med fredliga medel. Konfliktlösning utan våld. Det er grundnormen i FN:s stadga.

Så, vad kan vi nu verkligen göra? I Sverige? Du och jag i fredsrörelsen, i kvinnorörelsen, i miljörörelsen?

Låta oss övertygas om att vapen inte skapar fred. Fredsforskarna har gett oss mängder med bevis. Vi, fotfolket ska sprida den kunskapen, vi ska inte bara sitta hemma på vår kammare och tycka och förfasa oss. Ut bland folket! Säga vad vi vet, bilda opinion, vara obekväma, demonstrera, anordna möten, seminarier. Folkbilda!

Mycket aktivt ska vi förändra de attityder som upprätthålls av patriarkatets våldskultur. Kvinnors rättigheter är mänskliga rättigheter! Visa i praktisk handling solidaritet med våldets offer, internationellt och här hemma. Acceptera inte tillvänjningen till våldet och våldsideologin!

Tillämpa en rättvis handel, i ord som i praktiken. Alla kan bojkotta Coca-Cola. Alla kan köpa rättvisemärkta varor..

På vårt café serverar vi rättvisemärkt kaffe, te och choklad, tårtor och kakor med fina namn som Mahatma Gandhis drömmar, bakelsen Rosa Luxemburg, mandeltårtan Amandla Mandela, med mera.

Och så sjunger vi: fredssånger, kvinnosånger, kampsånger, kärlekssånger. Fred med naturen och fred mellan könen.

Var med och bygg en fredlig värld!

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