I Gandhis fotspår 7 – Saltmarschen – Gandhis och min egen

Så här började det…

Gandhi skickade den 2 mars 1930 ett brev till den engelske vicekungen i Indien, Lord Irwin, och förvarnade honom om att en aktion för civil olydnad skulle ta sin början den 12 juli. Han intygar att han inte kan skada någon engelsman men att hela det brittiska kolonialväldet är exploaterande, har förstört indisk kultur och gjort folket till slavar och att man uppenbarligen inte ämnar genomföra några ändringar som kunde påverka kommersiella intressen. Skattesystemet syftar till att slå ut bönderna.

“Även saltet som bönderna behöver för livets uppehälle har skattebelagts så att de ska betala mest”, skrev Gandhi. “Men själv har Ni en lön kring 7000 dollar per månad. Det är 235 dollar per dag mot den indiska genomsnittsinkomsten på 4 cent! Så mycket kan ni knappast ens använda, så jag är övertygad om att Ni ger det till välgörenhet. Men ett sådant system förtjänar att hamna på soptippen. Bara organiserad ickevåld kan stoppa den brittiska regeringens organiserade våld.”

Gandhi fortsätter med att förklara att deltagarna i denna aktion för civil olydnad kommer att “bortse” ifrån saltskatten och är redo att gå i fängelse om inte brevet appellerar till Irwins hjärta. Skulle Irwin vara beredd att diskutera kommer aktionen att avblåsas. Brevet är, intygar Gandhi, inte ett hot utan ett uttryck för öppen kommunikation, en satyagrahis (sanningskämpes) första plikt.

Irwin själv svarade inte. Han arresterade inte heller Gandhi. Då.

Saltmarschen börjar 12 mars 1930 kl 06:30

Knappt 80 Gandhi-anhängare lämnade Sabarmati den 12 mars 06.30. Tanken var att vandra söderut längs västkusten, samla stöd i byarna, hålla tal och mobilisera pressen hemma och i England. Ingen, inte heller Gandhi, visste den morgonen hur eller var det skulle sluta, nämligen på en gudsförgäten strand i en liten ort, Dandi, den 5 april, 385 kilometer söderut.

Monumentet i Dandi där Gandhi plockade upp en näve salt – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Men saltet var alltså det symboliska medlet, Indiens självständighet målet – som inte uppnåddes för än 17 år senare!

För snart 20 år sedan upprepade Tom Weber, australiensisk Gandhi-expert och TFF-rådgivare, hela marschen på egen hand. Hans tegelstenstora bok där han genom “deltagande observation” utforskar Saltmarschen kom ut 1997, On the Salt March. The Historiography of Gandhi’s March to Dandi, (Harper Collins, Delhi, 594 sidor).

Med en blandning av skönlitteratur och litterär road movie gör Weber en minutiös efterforskning av alla källor och samtalar med alla som då var med på Marschen. Han har skapat en ovärderlig kronologi och analys av denna politiska aktion för självständighet, kanske historiens egendomligaste. Det är absurd teater, existentialism, symbolpolitik och realpolitik i ett, det är fars och tragedi, det är Dramat vid Havet genom vilket engelsmännen äntligen förstod att det var början till slutet.

Den som sett Gandhi-filmen kommer ihåg de mycket brutala scenerna vid Saltverken i Dharasana. 2500 satyagrahi hade kommit upp ifrån Bombay. Rad efter rad av vitklädda, obeväpnade marschdeltagare klubbades ned och låg blödande. Redan första dagen dödades 2 och 320 sårades. Många arresterades, fängelserna fylldes snabbt och Gandhi fördes till Punas fängelse.

Detta inträffade några dagar efter det att han nära havet i Dandi hade plockat upp en lerig klump med lite sand i och därmed trotsat det brittiska herraväldet. Som Louis Fischer skriver i sin klassiske biografi, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (Harper & Row 1950): “Indien var nu fritt. Tekniskt, legalt hade dock inget förändrats. Tagore förklarade skillnaden: De som bor i England inser nu att Europa fullständigt har förlorat sin moraliska prestige.”

Min egen marsch  

Den 12 mars i år kl 06.30 marscherade jag själv ut genom Sabarmati-ashramens grind, i samma höga tempo, de första 6-7 kilometrarna ned till Ellis Bridge. En nästan full måne stod i väst medan solen gick upp över floden. Människor tittade ut under sina filter på denna märkliga man (som var jag) med kamera, papper och penna: good morning! Jag försökte föreställa mig hur marschdeltagarna tänkte just då. De hade lämnat hustrur och barn bakom sig i ashramen, helt medvetna om att de skulle kunna komma att dö för Indiens sak.

Morgon på Ashram Road 1 – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Idag är Ashram Road en trespårig väg med butiker, biografer etc. För 71 år sedan var den en grusväg mellan stadskärnan och den by som omgav ashramen.Luften är rimligt klar, det infernaliska trafikbullret har inte börjat än. En kamel pinkar just som jag passerar den.

Jag når fram till Gandhi-bron 07.15 där det står en jättestaty av Gandhi, nu badad på ena sidan i solens röda ljus. Han står mitt i trafiken, omgiven av reklam, också för cigaretter och sprit. Stackars Mahatma!

Gandhi på Ashram Road – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Vidare förbi Nehru Bridge och 07.50 över Ellis Bridge in mot centrum. Jag tittar ned i den nästan uttorkade floddalen där flera män sitter på huk och skiter.

Jag promenerar till Ahmedabads lyxiga Holiday Inn och äter frukost med gudomligt god ananas lassi (yoghurt). Där kan jag samtidig skriva över mina noter ifrån papper till min palm-dator. Det är fascinerande att kunna gå in och ur olika världar på noll tid. Frågan är om vi överhuvudtaget lever i den samma?

Morgon i Sabarmati-floden – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Så långt första etappen av min privata Saltmarsch. I en följande artikel kommer jag ut till havet. I bil. Med en som var med då, 1930.

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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