Den kommende tragedie i Kosovo – forfejlet konflikthåndtering

Af Jan Øberg
Nagoya, Japan, November 22, 2007

Den kommende tragedie i Kosovo vil være mere forårsaget af internationale faktorer end af lokale

Medierne dækker hellere vold end de underliggende konflikter. Det er derfor at du hører så lidt om den snart tilbagevendende tragedie kaldet Kososvo. Inden for få uger eller måneder vil risikoen øge for at at vi skal være vidne til endnu en runde af vold, undertrykkelse og anden menneskelig ulykke. Og så skal medierne nok være der.

Siden 1991 har TFF analyseret og forudsagt udviklinger i det tidligere Jugoslavien. For 13 år siden begyndte vi at udgive ideer, modeller og planer for en fredelig løsning til Kososvo konflikterne.

Hvis den ovenstående forudsigelse går i opfyldelse, vil det hverken være serbernes eller albaniernes skyld. Det vil være forårsaget af det internationale -såkaldte – samfund (IS), det samfund der intet gjorde for at forebygge vold eller forhandle fred da begge dele var muligt dvs. i de tidlige 1990ere. Se TFFs bøger og rapporter om det tidligere Jugoslavien inklusiv “Forebyggelsen af krig i Kosovo” fra 1992 her.

TFF og Amnesty International var de eneste der konstant advarede om en eksplosion der. I dag er der ingen gode løsninger tilbage. Det internationale samfund (IS) forstod ikke at Kosovo kun er scenen på hvilken et langt større drama bliver udspillet. Det ignorede de jugoslaviske konflikters enorme kompleksiteter såvel som de enestående potentialer for en ikkevoldelig løsning på denne konflikt.

Det internationale samfund brugte vold i en falsk “humanitær intervention”, hvis konsekvenser nu truer med at destabilisere hele regionen igen.

Og det bragte FN til en af sine mest triste missioner – UNMIK (United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo). I 1998 brød der krig ud mellem Kosovos befrielseshær (KLA) og serbiske styrker fordi USA, Tyskland og andre havde udrustet, trænet og bevæbnet KLA over flere år. NATO bombede Kosovo og Serbien in 1999 baseret på en diagnose så mangelfuld og falsk at havde det været en doktor før en operation ville patienten dø.

Få lyttede og de der gjorde inklusive topniveau FN diplomater i New York kunne intet gøre medlemsstaterne var engagerede andre steder eller forfulgte deres egne indskrænkede nationale interesser i Balkans tragedier, inklusive olie- og gasforsyningsledninger gennem regionen, salg af våben og opbygningen af et net af baser rundt om i det tidligere Sovjetunionens randstater. Clinton administrationen – med Al Gore, Nobel Comiteen’s bizarre valg dette år som vice præsident – var bag det meste af det, EU var splittet mere end nogensinde.

Få medier som skriver om regionen idag har journalister udstationeret eller nogen med over 15 års erfaring. Og hvordan skal vi forstå nutiden hvis ikke med de sidste få års historie? Det omfang i hvilket simplifikationer, forudindtagethed og gentagelser af forskellige fejfortolkninger karakteriserer tidens dækning.

Hvorfor gav de nylige valg I Kososvo ikke anledning til dyb bekymring?

På trods af den kommende uafhængighed om få uger stemte kun ca. 45 procent og serberne boycottede valget. Det varsler dårligt for demokrati og menneskerettigheder. Og endnu værre; sejrherren Hachim Thaci er en tidligere KLA krigsherre og vil sandsynligvis erstatte den nuværende krigsherre, premiereminister og KLA arkitekt, Agim Ceku, som også var den ledende general i den kroatiske hær da den etnisk udrensede 250.000 kroatiske serbere i Kroatien i 1995 med betydelig støtte fra US og europæiske regeringer. Kort sagt er han vores krigsherre og derfor er det ok.

Dertil kommer at Kosovo et sted med en ekstrem lille produktion og desto større sort økonomi med en handel og kriminalitet, der rækker fra Afghanistan og dybt ind i Schweiz, Brussel og større byer i USA. Arbejdsløsheden er omkring 70% og stedet er en række segregerede områder; minoritets serbere og andre lever i ghettoer.

Kosovos albanske lederskab har overhovedet ikke levet op til kriteriet opstillet for længe siden af det internationale samfund eller sikret tilbagevendelsen af mindst 150.000 kosovo serbere som fandt det bedst at rejse da KLA’s politiske og militære ledere lavde den omvendte etniske udrensning i efteråret 1999 i fuldt påsyn af ti tusinder af medarbejdere fra NATO, EU, OSCE og FN – den største fredsmission per kvadrat kilometer nogen sinde.

Opsummering: når det kosovo-albanske lederskab vil erklære uafhængighed inden ugangen af året eller i næste forår formodentlig støttet af Washington, er det i praksis et segregeret samfund, en overvejende sort økonomi, en stat ledet af vestligtstøttede ikke-dømte krigsforbrydere – kort sagt en fallit stat før den overhovedet er blevet en stat. Og det på trods af de billioner af dollars der er blevet postet i den siden 1999.

Uafhængighed? Måske men ikke på denne måde

Betyder det at Kosovo ikke skal blive en uafhængig stat?

For elleve år siden udgav TFF en plan til et forhandlet forlig – det eneste dokument på det tidspunkt som fik stor bevågenhed på begge sider og var baseret på hundredvis af timer af konversationer i Kosovo og Beograd. Se mere her.

Der er stærke argumenter for selvstændighed. Jeg er ikke imod det og har aldrig været det fordi, det basale koncept for uafhængighed for Kosovo blev udviklet i 1991-1994 af intellektuelle og politikere omkring Dr. Ibrahim Rugova i konsultation med et hold af TFF-eksperter. Ideen var at en demokratisk lovlig stat med åbne grænser, ingen hær, ingen fremtidig integration med Albanien og gode relationer til alle sider – altsammen frembragt gennem forhandlinger. (I kursiv fordi der stadig er folk der tror at denne artikels forfatter og TFF er anti-albansk og pro-serbisk hvilket aldrig har været sandt og dermed undgå en seriøs diskussion omkring konfliktens kompleksitet og om mediation og konflikthåndterende muligheder. Det var også politisk bekvemt for 95% af verdens medier).

Men, og her kommer det kæmpe MEN: INGEN stat br kunne blive uafhængig idag gennem NATO bombninger, etnisk udrensing, kriminalitetsbaseret politik, propaganda og afvisning af at gå det mindste på kompromis med relevante partier.

Serbien har gjort op med sit krigstids lederskab. Dagens Serbien afviser total uafhængighed for Kosovo, men forslår en hidtil uset høj autonomi og peger på modeller som Hong Kong og Ålands-øerne. Det er tid til at belønne Serbiens ny modenhed og folkeretsbaserede indstilling med i det mindste af give det en fair mediedækning og en fair høring. Men hvem vover at bryde med det gamle sort-hvide mediebillede af Balkan?

Feks. Lagde du mærke til at serberne konsekvent blev kaldt og kaldes “nationalister” mens andre, der kun arbejdede for deres egen nation og uafhængige stater insisterede på at opnå det med voldelige metoder og blev behandlet som venner af det vestlige demokratier? (Pro-serbisk igen ikke? Nej! Det er et spørgsmål om politik og medieforvridning, og begribeligvis er ingen af de politikere og medier, der var ansvarlige på daværende tidspunkt villige til at indrømme det).

Alternative fredsplaner og andre ressourcer

Der er mange tænkbare, mulige løsninger til Kosovo-problemet. TFF præsenterede dem for to år siden i ” The Kosovo Solution Series” – 12 artikler her. TFF associerede har kritiseret Ahtisaari-planen for betinget uafhængighed her.

Her er serbiske TFF associerede, Aleksandar Mitic’s “The Making of a Compromise. Kosovo 2006” samt utvivlsomt den bedste hjemmeside med daglige artikler og materialer om baggrunden og fremtiden med alle de relevante spørgsmål som medier og diplomatier burde søge svar på: “Kosovo Compromise 2007”.

Og der er flere hundrede analytiske og debatterende artikler hér om det tidligere Jugoslavien, forfattet af TFF’s Associerede eksperter over mange år.- og generelt dette udvalg af andre materialer angående Balkan.

(Tusinder af medier, individuelle journalister og redaktører modtager TFF emails, dette er en af dem. De ved udemærket godt vad vi har udgivet over en lang række år og at vores eksperters forudsigelser stort set er gået i opfyldelse. Med mere en 20 års erfaring på dette område, ved vi hvorfor TFF analyser oftest bliver ignoreret mens politisk korrekte, tæt-på-regeringen holdninger, f.eks. the International Crisis Group får overskrifterne. Med mangelfulde diagnoser vil volden fortsætte og de ‘frie’ medier bidrage på deres egne måder. TFF vil fortsætte med at gøre præcist hvad vi altid har gjort på trods af det).

Konklusionen – det er den 11. time for at undgå en ny tragedie

Hvis, som modsætning til spin og propaganda, viden stadig spiller en rolle, kan denne email/ hjemmeside være din hjælp til en større forståelse af de meget farlige udviklinger i Kosovo – og Bosnien – i kølvandet af det internationale samfunds totalt mislykkede fredsmægling.

Det kan på ingen måde gå godt i regionen i de næste få måneder og du vil måske gerne kende nogle af årsagerne hertil når det internationale samfund vil give enten serberne eller albananerne al skyld for den kommende misére, men aldrig dets egne aktører. Viljen til selv-kritik er nul mens viljen til andre-kritik vokser mod 100.

Fremtiden har brug for én ting fremfor noget andet; en anerkendelse af at det internationale samfund selv er medansvarlig for den frygtelige situation i Kosovo og Bosnien og at det dybest set har sat sig selv i politisk fængsel begge steder.

En ny begyndelse baseret på en række åbne, ærlige lærdomme er en nødvendighed. Jeg frygter det ikke sker.

Hvis det højeste mål for den Europæsiske Union er fred, så er det sidste udkald for at vise det. Men hvordan skulle EU kunne det med “udenrigsminister” Javier Solana, som var personlig ansvarlig for så megen destruktion i regionen? I 1999 var han NATOS Generalsekretær, den højst civile ansvarlige for NATO’s bombninger.

Efter denne moralske, juridiske, intellektuelle skandale blev han belønnet af sine omgivelser og sparket opad til det øverste EU nivaeu. Det er bekvemt glemt idag at det fredsmæglende EU er ledet af en ikke dømt krigsforbryder…

Og dette i en verden der desperat har brug for et alternativ til den amerikanske hensynsløse del-og-hersk og besættelse/uafhængighed taktikker.

Tragedien af vores internationale tid samler sig som tunge skyer over Kosovo.

Vil nogen være i stand til at ændre kursen og forebygge endnu et fuldkomment kaos?

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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