Serbiens barn och andraflyktinger fem år senare

Förslaget om en barnombudsman i Serbien skulle inte lösa alla problem, men kanske något, skrev Barombudsmannen, BO i Sverige, Lena Nyberg i ett veckobrev i somras. I Serbien pågick en diskussion om att inrätta en motsvarighet till Barnombudsmannen i Sverige. Hon har därför besökt Belgrad, för att beskriva den svenska verksamheten och försöka dela med sig av sina erfarenheter.

Intresset för det svenska arbetet är stort, men hon insåg, att ett barnrättsarbete i Serbien, måste se helt annorlunda ut än det gör i Sverige. BO skriver att hennes besök i ett flyktingläger med hundratals barn, kommer hon aldrig att glömma.

Det är alltid barnen, som får betala det högsta priset när vuxna väljer krig istället för fredliga lösningar, påpekar hon. Krig innebär att barn växer upp med våld och otrygghet, förlust av hem och anhöriga och det ger dem sämre förutsättningar.

Den stora frågan är varför få – nästan ingen – förvånats över att Sveriges regering, av alla, valde kriget, för dessa barn. Det är också en fråga för FN:s Barnkonvention. Hur kan man i vår förhållandevis rika del av världen, låta barn leva år efter år i läger, vars förhållanden vi i Sverige aldrig skulle acceptera, undrar BO. Det är också en s.k. bra fråga, för FN:s barnkonvention.

I lägret träffade Lena Nyberg en familj med fyra barn, som bott de senaste fyra åren i en förfallen industribyggnad. Familjen är serbisk, men bodde tidigare i Kosovo. De tvingades fly från Kosovo, när det blev för farligt där.

Detta veckobrev, av Barnombudsmannen Lena Nyberg, är det första brev, där en offentlig person i Sverige, uttalar någon form av medkänsla med de serber, som i hundratusentals föll offer för de olagliga bombningarna av Jugoslavien, under våren 1999. Sveriges regering har däremot uttryckt sin stora förståelse för kriget om Kosovo, trots att det var olagligt.

Jag var i Serbien i början av oktober 2004, då jag träffade chefen för det serbiska Röda korset. Hon berättade att det finns en miljon arbetslösa i Serbien och att 500 000 av dem idag lever på svältgränsen. Röda Korset i Serbien vet nu, att hälften av de arbetslösa måste lämnas för att dö av svält, under den kommande vintern.

Detta sker just nu i Europa!!!

Innan den serbiska ekonomin slagits sönder av krig, sanktioner och bombningar, kunde Röda Korset ge de mest utsatta ett mål mat om dagen från soppköken. Nu finns det inga sådana resurser mer. Det civila serbiska samhället slogs ut av bombningarna. Befolkningens försörjningsmöjligheter förstördes. Till detta kommer att Sverige och de andra EU-länderna, under mer än tio år, belagt Serbien med sanktioner, för att straffa den demoniserade presidenten, men det vet ju alla: att det drabbar folket.

Bombningar, sanktioner och restriktioner har fått detta land, som under 70-talet var ett välkomnande semesterparadis för nordbor, till att nu bli Europas fattigaste, fråntaget sina försörjningsmöjligheter.

När muren föll behövdes inte Jugoslavien längre, som buffert mellan öst och väst. Det jugoslaviska ekonomiska systemet rämnade, när de mest välmående jugoslaviska områdena erbjöds medlemskap i rikemansklubben, mot att man lämnade den Jugoslaviska gemenskapen. Följden blev ett blodigt inbördeskrig. Det får inte kallas inbördeskrig. Västmakterna som iscensatte och stödde sönderfallet har hela tiden pekat ut Serbien som ensam skyldigt till dessa krig.

Sanningen finns skildrad på olika håll. I Bo Pellnäs bok “Utan slut”, utgiven 1995, beskiver han sin avsky för de kroatiska soldaterna, som i det serbiska Krajina gick från hus till hus och slaktade allt i sin väg. Anfallet inleddes med amerikansk-stödda flyganfall den 4 augusti 1995.

Carl Bildt beskriver också denna händelse, som han anser vara den värsta massakern och etniska rensningen under sina år som EU:s främste representant i Bosnien, under arbetet med Daytonavtalet.

Anfallet på Knin, huvudstaden i det helt serbiska Krajina den 4 augusti 1995, samma år som massakern i Srebrenica skedde den 6 juli, men det klara folkmordet i Knin, är inte är lika uppmärksammat. Ingen har heller anklagats för det. Får se vad som händer i samband med 10-års dagen 4 augusti 2005?

Företagen, kommunikationerna, elsystemen, bostäderna, skolorna och sjukhusen slogs ut, när det serbiska samhället bombades dag och natt, under 80 dygn av USA, Nato och EU, från den 24 mars till den 19 juni 1999. Nato fick därefter ta över ansvaret för Kosovo, istället för FN, som det var planerat – men som USA lyckades ändra på, genom att krångla till en översättning. (Chomsky, “The New Military Humanism.- Lessons from Kosovo”).

Därefter vidtog under överinseende av Nato ock K-for, etnisk rensning av den icke-albanska befolkningen i Kosovo – serber, och romer. Den etniska rensningen omfattade minst 300 000 av den icke-albanska befolkningen, som tog sin tillflykt till det fattiga, bombade Serbien, med redan en miljon flyktingar.

Jag besökte ett läger för romer, som flytt från Kosovo, när jag var i Belgrad, i början av oktober 2004. Dessa romer hade också tidigare bott i Kosovo, men tvingats fly till Serbien. Romerna i lägret bodde i några brädskjul, med breda springor mellan bräderna. Flera spädbarn kröp omkring på golvet. En baby sov fastbunden i en vagga. Alla de unga kvinnorna, som uppskattningsvis var mellan 14 och 18 år, var gravida.

Ute i leran lekte ett tjugotal småbarn, smutsiga, okammade, nyfikna och helt underbara! Det var 24 grader varmt när jag var där, men inlandsklimatet gör, att vintern kommer tidigt till området. Risken är stor, att dessa våra minsta, på grund av den allt sämre ekonomin, inte kommer att överleva vintern med sina svavelstickor vid det rika Europas port.

Karin Wegestål

Socionom. F.d. riksdagsledamot (s) & TFF rådgivare

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