Kalejdoskop 82 – Ett expanderande NATOär konfliktbevarande

Nato expanderar i en värld där de samlade militärutgifterna motsvarar årsinkomsten för jordens 49 procent fattigaste, skriver fredsforskaren Jan Øberg. Satsningen på Nato:s utvidgning går ut på att kämpa mot fiktiva hot och skapar exakt det man säger sig vilja undvika, ekonomisk kris, instabilitet och nya hot.

Nato expanderar. De globala militära utgifterna har årligen fallit med några få procent. Men den nya teknologins slagkraft ökar. Kärnvapenindustrins forskare hotas inte av arbetslöshet. Enbart USA har en militär budget på drygt 250 miljarder dollar och världens samlade militärutgifter motsvarar årsinkomsten för de 49 procent fattigaste på klotet.

Tyskland expanderar. En gång i tiden förstod man att ett förenat Tyskland måste vara neutralt. Men Gorbatjov, som gav Sovjetunionens och Warszawapaktens upplösning till Västvärlden i tron att han skulle få någonting i gengäld, serverade också ett förenat Tyskland till Nato på en silverbricka. Delvis kärnvapen-nedrustning följde liksom ryska försvarets sociala och militära nedrustning. Triumfatoriskt utropade sig Väst till det kalla krigets segerherre.

Saddam en älskad fiende
Det samlade Tysklands första markanta utrikespolitiska initiativ bestod i att söndra Jugoslavien. Medvetet om att re-militariseringen måste gå långsamt började man med fältsjukhus i Bosnien. Nu blir den tyska stabilitetsframtvingande närvaron successivt mer militant – vilket kanske kan uppfattas som ett naturligt element i den ständigt djupare och bredare tyskfranska konventionella och atomära militärintegrationen. Somliga kanske minns Tom Lehrers profetia från 60-talet om att “one of the fingers on the Button will be German”?

USA expanderar. I den Bush-Clintonska världsbilden var och är Saddam Hussein en Muhammeds gåva till Väst. Om han inte redan var störtrik hade han platsat väl på CIA:s lönelista; utöver att spela rollen som älskad fiende hjälper Hussein oss att hålla Irans fundamentalism, som i inte ringa omfattning är ett resultat av amerikansk-västlig politik sedan 1953, på komfortabelt avstånd.

Samtidigt skapar det av FN sanktionerade folkmordet på över 500 000 oskyldiga irakiska medborgare naturligtvis ett bottenlöst hat mot väst i generationer framöver – bra, alltså, att Nato expanderar och kan tillmötesgå hot av just det slaget.

Nato till Baltikum?
Som om Jugoslaviens sammanbrott inte var illa nog, fumlade EU och sedan USA så mycket med krishanteringen att Nato-SFOR blev nödvändig. Nato expanderar geografiskt genom USA:s dominerande inflytande i Kroatien, Federations-Bosnien, delvis i Kosovo, i Albanien och i Makedonien och genom amerikansk ledning i Daytonprocessen och SFOR, i OSCE, i Brcko-skiljedomen och i den internationella Kontaktgruppen. Det sker på bekostnad av EU men också av FN:s intellektuella, moraliska, politiska och militära auktoritet. Nato expanderar alltså i takt med att militär-humanitära och andra interventioner legitimeras.

Den senaste Nato-expansionen handlar om Polen, Ungern och Tjeckien. De nästa blir förmodligen de baltiska staterna, sedan Slovenien, Kroatien och Makedonien samt – varför inte med tiden Kaukasus? Sverige och Finland positionerar sig för närvarande för de facto integration, även om inte för de jure medlemskap. Men ju fler som kommer in, ju fler kommer att känna sig tvingade att knacka på – “utvecklingen” är oundviklig, besluten är “nödvändiga” och den “valda” vägen oåterkallelig.

En moralisk papperstiger
Nato är emellertid en intellektuell och moralisk papperstiger. Det framgår att det finns tre orsaker till att Nato ska expandera: 1: det ska Nato därför att Nato har beslutat det, 2: trollformeln att det skapar ökad stabilitet och 3: att de forna öststaterna tigger och ber om skydd. En idé som inte kan säljas med bättre argument är förmodligen ganska usel!

Mycket talar mot expansion. Ingen kan se hot av det slag som Nato är utvecklat för att möta; däremot är expansion ett säkert sätt att skapa dem på. Ryska ledare uttalar inte hot utan uttrycker sitt bekymmer över att expansionen kommer att spela nationalister, gammalkommunister och militärer i händerna och försvaga de demokratiska krafterna. De har givetvis rätt. Men statslojala säkerhetsexperter och ledarskribenter i väst tolkar deras bekymmer med överseende: ryssarna är ju lite efter, har inte fattat vad den nya tiden innebär. För övrigt ska Väst inte ge upp expansionen bara för att ryssarna inte tycker om den, sägs det med förakt för vad som är orsak och verkan.

Ett förödmjukat Ryssland
Länder som inte inlemmas i Nato nu kommer i kläm och sandwichas mellan expansionen och ett Ryssland som känner sig förödmjukat och av det skälet kan bli hotfullt. Oundvikligen kommer samarbetet mellan Ryssland och väst att påverkas negativt av expansionen. Om man beaktar det ryska försvarets eländiga tillstånd ska man inte förvånas ifall ryska strateger kommer att uppgradera kärnvapnens relativa betydelse. Och politiska kretsar kan se det som fördelaktigt att på sikt vända väst ryggen och närma sig Kina. Vad bra alltså att man i Nato inte ett ögonblick tillåter den kätterska tanken, den fria debatten, om huruvida atomvapnen bör vara alliansens fundament.

Genom att satsa på expansion förslösas en mängd pengar som kunde användas bättre, inte bara bland de 49 procenten fattigaste i världen utan till gemensamma projekt i Öst- och Västeuropa och till bekämpning av den växande arbetslösheten, som för Tysklands vidkommande av en rena slump sammanfaller med landets markering av utåtriktad styrka.

Satsningen på Nato:s expansion kommer att ta politisk och intellektuell energi och andra resurser från utvecklingen av alternativ såsom defensivt försvar, gemensam säkerhet, nya typer av konflikthantering, tidig varning, OSCE/FN-baserat fredsbevarande, försoning och återuppbyggnad. Nato har ingen som helst erfarenhet av dessa saker utan bara av militär planering, avspänning och konflikt-bevarande i det avlidna tvåpaktsystemet under det avslutade kalla kriget.

Medan den verkliga världen har behov av kraftfulla lösningar på manifesta problem sitter realpolitiken autistiskt fast i en expansiv kamp mot fiktiva hot, som skapar exakt det man deklamatoriskt säger sig vilja undvika, nämligen ekonomisk kris, instabilitet och nya hot.

Västvärldens expansion
Varför göra något som så mycket talar emot och så litet talar för? Jag tror det kan besvaras ganska enkelt: Nato:s expansion blev nödvändig därför att Nato inte längre var nödvändigt. Vi har nu fått en debatt om Nato:s utvidgning, inte om Nato. Och sedan kan man gissa på åtminstone tre outtalade orsaker: 1: västs ångest för att på sikt bli omkört av andra civilisationer, 2: Balkans fortsatta kaos, samt 3: den växande konflikten om de nya oljefyndigheterna i Azerbaijzan och Kaspiska havet (stora som eller större än Mellersta österns) och “pipeline”-kriget om hur man skall säkra transporten av denna olja till Väst.

Den patologiskt energi- och varumissbrukande kapitalistiska västvärlden, som också är programmerad för monoteistisk mission, måste nödvändigtvis expandera både horisontellt – till ständigt fler länder – och vertikalt, ständigt djupare ned i rötterna på varje samhälle. De som inte tycker att detta är en strålande idé utgör hoten.

Så länge leve det ny-expansiva Nato. Om inte det hade funnits fanns det ju risk för att folk började tro att mycket borde – och kunde – göras på mångahanda andra sätt.

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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